Fol. Biol. 2001, 47, 41-49
https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2001047020041
Prostate-Specific Antigen: Current Status
References
1. , R. J., Soanes, W. A., Bronson, P., Witebsky, E. (1970a) Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate. J. Reprod. Fertil. 22, 573-574.
<https://doi.org/10.1530/jrf.0.0220573>
2. , R. J., Bronson, P., Soanes, W. A., Witebsky, E. (1970b) Tissueand species-specific antigens of normal human prostatic tissue. J. Immunol. 104, 1329-1339.
<https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.104.6.1329>
3. , P. A., Lilja H., Oesterling, J. E. (1997) Molecular forms of serum prostate-specific antigen. The clinical value of percent free prostate-specific antigen. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 24, 353-365.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70382-7>
4. , J. R., Strickland, D., Corbin, D., Byrnes, J. A., Zweiback, E. (1995) Age-specific reference for serum prostate-specific antigen. Urology 46, 54-57.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80158-7>
5. , R. J., Fritsche, H. A., Evans, R. B. (1990) Prostate specific antigen and prostate gland volume: correlation and clinical application. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 4, 135-137.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.1860040212>
6. , T. S., Reyard, J. M., Peters, T. J., Gingell, J. C. (1996) Determination of prostate volume with transrectal ultrasound: a study of intraobserver and interobserver variations. J. Urol. 155, 1299-1300.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66250-5>
7. , M. K., Aramburu, E. A., Chen, G. L., Preston, S. D., Ellis, W. J. (1993) The inability of prostate specific antigen index to enhance the predictive value of prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. J. Urol. 150, 369-373.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35485-X>
8. , H. B., Pearson, J. D., Metter, F. J., Brant, L. J., Chan, D. W., Andres, R., Fozard, J. L., Walsh, P. C. (1992) Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate diseases. JAMA 267, 2215-2220.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480160073037>
9. , H. B., Pearson, J. D. (1997) Prostate-specific antigen velocity and repeated measures of prostate-specific antigen. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 24, 333-338.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70380-3>
10. , H. B., Partin, A. W., Luderer, A. A., Metter, E. J., Landis, P., Chan, D. W., Fozard, J. L., Pearson, J. D. (1997) Percentage of free prostate-specific antigen in sera predicts aggressiveness of prostate cancer a decade before diagnosis. Urology 49, 379-384.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00629-2>
11. , W. J. (2000) Selection. JAMA-CS 2, (Suppl.), 9-16. (in Czech)
12. , W. J., Smith, D. S., Ratliff, T. L., Dodds, K. M., Coplen, D. E., Yuan, J. J., Petros, J. A., Andriole, G. L. (1991) Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 324, 1156-1161.
<https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199104253241702>
13. , W. J., Richie, J. P., de Kernion, J. B., Ahmann, F. R., Ratliff, T. L., Dalkin, B. L., Kavoussi, L. R., MacFarlane, M. T., Southwick, P. C. (1994) Comparison of prostate specific antigen concentration versus prostate specific antigen density in the early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves. J. Urol. 152, 2031-2036.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)32299-1>
14. , W. J., Smith, D. S., Wolfert, R. L., Wang, W. J., Rittenhouse, H. G., Ratliff, T. L., Nadler, R. B. (1995) Evaluation of percentage of free serum prostate-specific antigen to improve specificity of prostate cancer screening. JAMA 274, 1214-1220.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530150038031>
15. , W. J., Partin, A. W., Slawin, K. M., Brawer, M. K., Flanigan, R. C., Patel, A., Richie, J. P., de Kernion, J. B., Walsh, P. C., Scardino, P. T., Lange, P. H., et al. (1998) Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease. A prospective multicenter clinical trial. JAMA 279, 1542-1547.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.19.1542>
16. , W. J., Partin, A. W., Finlay, J. A., Chan, D. W., Rittenhouse, H. G., Wolfert, R. L., Woodrum, D. L. (1999) Use of percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to identify men at high risk of prostate cancer when PSA levels are 2.51 to 4 ng/ml and digital rectal examination is not suspicious for prostate cancer: an alternative model. Urology 54, 220-224.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00185-5>
17. , M. S., Floyd, M. K., Ball, T. P., Miller, E. K., Sarosdy, M. F. (1995) The lack of predictive value of prostate specific antigen density in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with normal rectal examinations and intermediate prostate specific antigen levels. J. Urol. 154, 1070-1073.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66979-9>
18. , C., Alivizatos, G., Stavropoulos, N. J., Makrychoritis, K., Koutsokalis, G., Kiriakakis, Z., Kostakopoulos, A., Dimopoulos, C. (1994) Influence of digital examination, cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasonography and needle biopsy on the concentration of prostate-specific antigen. Urol. Int. 53, 186-190.
<https://doi.org/10.1159/000282670>
19. , B., Marberger, M., Zlotta, A. R., Schulman, C. C. (1998) PSA, f/t-PSA, PSAD, PSA-TZ and PSA-velocity for prostate cancer prediction: a multivariate analysis. J. Urol. 159, 235.
20. , B., Zlotta, A. R., Remzi, M., Ghawidel, K., Bursa, B., Hruby, S., Wolfram, R., Schulman, C. C., Marberger, M. (1999) Total and transition zone prostate volume and age: How do they affect the utility of PSA-based diagnostic parameters for early prostate cancer detection? Urology 54, 846-852.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00329-5>
21. , A. A., Cornillie, F. J., van Poppel, H. P., Van de Voorde, W. M., McCabe, R., Baert, L. V. (1996) Free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio as a single test for detection of significant stage Tlc prostate cancer. J. Urol. 156, 1042-1047.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65696-9>
22. , J. E., Condon, M. A., Terrell, F. L. (1996) Cancer diagnosis with prostate specific antigen greater than 10 ng/ml and negative peripheral zone prostate biopsy. J. Urol. 156, 1370-1374.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65589-7>
23. , C. L., Maheshwari, S., Dean, R. C., Tatum, L., Mooneyhan, R., Connelly, R. R., McLeod, D. G., Srivastava, S., Moul, J. W. (1999) Blinded evaluation of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction prostatespecific antigen peripheral blood assay for molecular staging of prostate cancer. Urology 53, 714-721.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00608-6>
24. , M., Inorre, T., Fukuyama, T. (1971) Some physicochemical characteristics of gamma-seminoprotein, an antigenic component specific for human seminal plasma. Jap. J. Legal. Med. 25, 322-324.
25. , P. R., Schmid, H. P., Mattarelli, G., Strittmatter, B., van Steenbrugge, G. J., Maurer, A. (1995) Serum free prostate specific antigen: isoenzymes in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate. Prostate 27, 212-219.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.2990270406>
26. , H. R., Penney, M. D., Ryan, P. G., Peeling, W. B. (1987) Serum prostatic specific antigen: in vitro stability and the effect of ultrasound rectal examination in vivo. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 24, 206-209. (Suppl. S1)
27. , S. J., Katusic, S. K., Bergstralh, E. J., Oesterling, J. E., Ohrt, D., Klee, G. G., Chute, C. G., Lieber, M. M. (1995) Incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis in the eras before and after serum prostate-specific antigen testing. JAMA 274, 1445-1449.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530180039027>
28. , J., Cooner, W. H., Graham, S. D. (1994) Serum PSA adjusted for volume o f transition zone (PSAT) is more accurate than PSA adjusted for total gland volume (PSAD) in detecting adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Urology 43, 601-606.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(94)90170-8>
29. , M. O., Foster, R. S., Bell, B., Beck, S., Cheng, L., Parekh, D., Jung, S. H. (2000) Characterization and predictors of prostate specific antigen progression rates after radical retropubic prostatectomy. J. Urol. 164, 749-753.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67295-3>
30. , F., Dupont, A., Suburu, R., Cusan L., Tremblay, M., Gomez, J. L., Emond, J. (1992) Serum prostate-specific antigen as prescreening test for prostate cancer. J. Urol. 147, 846-852.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37402-5>
31. , M. A., Yu, H., D'Costa, M., Diamandis, E. P. (1995) Prostate specific antigen expression by various tumors. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 9, 123-128.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.1860090209>
32. , H., Christensson, A., Dahlen, U., Matikainen, M. T., Nilsson, O., Pettersson, K., Lovgren, T. (1991) Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with α1-antichymotrypsin. Clin. Chem. 37, 1618-1625.
<https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.9.1618>
33. , M., Urban, M., Sabra, R., Grill, R. (1997) Importance of the ratio free prostate-specific antigen/total prostatespecific antigen for detection of prostate carcinoma. Czech Urology 1, 11-14. (in Czech)
34. , M., Urban, M., Grill, R., Sabra, R. (1998) Evaluation of the influence of total prostate-specific antigen, age, and prostate volume on the ratio free/total prostate-specific antigen. Czech Urology 2, 14-17. (in Czech)
35. , H., Arai, Y., Ishitoya, S., Okubo, K., Aoki, Y., Okada, T. (1997) Prostate specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume as an indicator of prostate cancer. J. Urol. 158, 2193-2196.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)68193-X>
36. , T. O., Jacobsen, S. J., McCarthy, W. F., Jacobson, D. J., Mcleod, D. G., Moul, J. W. (1996) Age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific in black men. N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 304-310.
<https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199608013350502>
37. , J. E., Chan, D. W., Epstein, J. I., Kimball, A. W., Jr., Bruzek, D. J., Rock, R. C., Brendler, C. B., Walsh, P. C. (1988) Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 139, 766-772.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)42630-9>
38. , J. E., Rice, D. C., Glenski, W. J., Bergstralh, E. J. (1993a) Effects of cystoscopy, prostate biopsy and transuretheral resection of prostate on serum prostate-specific antigen concentration. Urology 42, 276-282.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(93)90616-I>
39. , J. E., Jacobsen, S. J., Chute, C. G., Guess, H. A., Girman, C. J., Panser, L. A., Lieber, M. M. (1993b) Serum prostate-specific antigen in a community based population of healthy men: establishment of age-specific reference ranges. JAMA 270, 860-864.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510070082041>
40. , J. E., Jacobsen, S. J., Klee, G. G., Pettersson, K., Piironen, T., Abrahamsson, P. A., Stenman, U. H., Dowell, B., Lovgren, T., Lilja, H. (1995) Free, complexed and total serum prostate-specific antigen: the establishment of appropriate reference ranges for their concentrations and ratios. J. Urol. 154, 1090-1095.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66984-2>
41. Oesterling, J. E. (1996) Age-specific reference ranges for serum PSA. In: Advances in Urology. Prostate Controversies: Diagnosis and Management. Detroit.
42. , C. A., de Vries, G. M., Buttyan, R., Katz, A. E. (1997) Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for prostate cancer. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 24, 367-378.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70383-9>
43. , M., Pagani, F., Bonora, R. (1992) Pre-analytical and biological variability of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in serum from patients with prostatic pathology. Eur. J. Clin. Biochem. 30, 135-139.
44. , A. W., Catalona, W. J., Southwick, P. C., Subong, E. N., Gasior, G. H., Chan, D. W. (1996) Analysis of percent free prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer detection: influence of total PSA, prostate volume and age. Urology 48, 55-61. (Suppl. 6A)
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00611-5>
45. , A., Dorey, F., Franklin, J., deKernion, J. B. (1997) Recurrence patterns after radical retropubic prostatectomy: clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen doubling times and log slope prostate specific antigen. J. Urol. 158, 1441-1445.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64238-1>
46. , T. J., Oesterling, J. E., Partin, A. W. (1999) Prostate specific antigen: A decade of discovery what we have learned and where we are going. J. Urol. 162, 293-306.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68543-6>
47. , Ch., R., Partin, A., W., Epstein, J., I., Walsh, P. C. (1997) Prostate-specific antigen after anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 24, 395-406.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70386-4>
48. , C. R., Partin, A. W., Eisenberger, M. A., Chan, D. W., Pearson, J. D., Walsh, P. C. (1999) Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 281, 1591-1597.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.17.1591>
49. , P. H. J., Klaassen, P., van der Korput, J. A. G. M., Romijn, J. C., Trapman, J. (1988) Molecular cloning and characterization of novel prostate antigen with cDNA's. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 155, 181-188.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81066-0>
50. , M. A., Fang, M., Stifelman, M. D., De Vries, G. M., Buttyan, R., Benson, M. C., Katz, A. E., Olsson, C. A., O'Toole, K. (1997) Enhanced reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate-specific antigen combined with needle biopsy results: a superior predictor of pT3 disease. Mol. Diagn. 2, 135-145.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S1084-8592(97)80020-3>
51. , J., Akiyama, K., Tsuda, R., Hara, M., Marti, T., Rickli, E. E. (1987) Isolation, characterization and aminoacid sequence of gamma-seminoprotein, a glycoprotein from human seminal plasma. Eur. J. Biochem. 170, 111-120.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13674.x>
52. , F. H., Kranse, R., Rietbergen, J., Hoedemaeke, R., Kirkels, W. (1999) The European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC): an update. Members of the ERSPC, section Rotterdam. Eur. Urol. 35, 539-543.
53. , E., Whang, M., Olsson, C. A., Katz, A., Cooner, W. H., Benson, M. C. (1993) PSA density (PSAD). Role in patient evaluation and management. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 20, 653-663.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(21)00918-6>
54. , A., Hamm, M., Rathert, P. (1992) Half-life of prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: the decisive predictor of curative treatment? Eur. Urol. 21, 200-205.
<https://doi.org/10.1159/000474838>
55. , A., Roth, S., Hamm, M., Rathert, P. (1996) Re: Nontraumatic elevation of prostate specific antigen following cardiac surgery and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass. J. Urol. 155, 295-296.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66640-0>
56. , D. S., Catalona, W. J., Herschman, J. D. (1996a) Longitudinal screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen. JAMA 276, 1309-1315.
<https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540160031029>
57. , D. S., Catalona, W. J., Keetch, D. W. (1996b) Comparison of percent free PSA and PSA density as method to enhance the specificity of PSA screening. J. Urol. 155, 422A.
58. , T. A., Yang, N., Hay, A. R., McNeal, J. E., Freiha, F. S., Redwine, E. (1987) Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 909-916.
<https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198710083171501>
59. , M. B., Song, J. T., Strawderman, M., Jacobsen, S. J., Oesterling, J. E. (1996) Ejaculation increases the serum prostate-specific antigen concentration. Urology 47, 511-516.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80486-5>
60. , J. G., deKernion, J. B., Smith, R. B., Dorey, F. (1994) The incidence and significance of detectable levels of serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. J. Urol. 152, 1821-1825.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)32394-7>
61. , R. L., Lange, P. H. (1997) Issues in the assessment of prostate-specific antigen immunoassays. An update. Urol. Clin. North. Am. 24, 261-268.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-0143(05)70371-2>
62. , M. C., Valenzuela, L. A., Murphy, G. P., Chu, T. M. (1979) Purification of a human prostate specific antigen. Invest. Urol. 17, 159-163.
63. Wojno, K. J., Apoorva, R. V., Vessella, R. L., Lange, P. H., Oesterling, J. E. (1996) Determination of the "Reflex range" and appropriate cutpoints for percent free PSA in 413 men referred for prostatic evaluation using AxSYM system. In: Advances in Urology. Prostate Controversies: Diagnosis and Management. Detroit.
64. , C., M., Nolley, R., Prestigiacomo, A. S., Stamey, T. A. (1996) Free and total PSA density in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 155, 374A.
65. , H., Diamandis, E. P. (1993) Ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of prostate-specific antigen in serum and preliminary clinical studies. Clin. Chem. 39, 2108-2114.
<https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.10.2108>
66. , H., Diamandis, E. P., Levesque, M. A., Sismondi, P., Zola, P., Katsaros, D. (1994) Ectopic production of prostate specific antigen by breast tumor metastatic to the ovary. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 8, 251-253.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.1860080412>
67. , H., Diamandis, E. P. (1995) Measurement of serum prostate specific antigen levels in women and in prostatectomized men with an ultrasensitive immunoassay technique. J. Urol. 153, 1004-1008.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)67622-5>
68. , A. R., Djavan, B., Marberger, M., Schulman, C. C. (1997) Prostate specific antigen density of the transition zone: a new effective parameter for prostate cancer prediction. J. Urol. 157, 1315-1321.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64961-9>
