Fol. Biol. 2004, 50, 87-92
https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2004050030087
Did Viruses Play a Part in the Origin of the Adaptive Immune System?
References
1. , A., Eastmann, Q. E., Schatz, D. G. (1998) Transposition mediated by RAG1 and RAG2 and its implications for the evolution of the immune system. Nature 394, 744-751.
<https://doi.org/10.1038/29457>
2. , C. F., Zapata, A. (1988) The pharyngeal lymphoid tissue of lampreys. A morpho-functional equivalent of the vertebrate thymus? Thymus 11, 59-65.
3. , K., De Santis, R., De Tomaso, A., Rigoutsos, I., Yoshizaki, F., Pinto, M. R., Marino, R., Shida, K., Ikeda, M., Ikeda, M., Arai, M., Inoue, Y., Shimizu, T., Satoh, N., Rokhsar, D. S., Du Pasquier, L., Kasahara, M., Satake, M., Nonaka, M. (2004) Genomic analysis of immunity in a urochordate and the emergence of the vertebrate immune system: "waiting for Godot". Immunogenetics 55, 570-581.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0606-5>
4. , R. M., Schluter, S. F., Bernstein, H., Marchalonis, J. J. (1996) Primordial emergence of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1): sequence of the complete shark gene indicates homology to microbial integrases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 9454-9459.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.18.9454>
5. , C. C., Manley, N. R. (2004) Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 278-289.
<https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1331>
6. , J. P., Haire, R. N., Litman, G. W. (2002) Identification of diversified genes that contain immunoglobulin-like variable regions in a protochordate. Nat. Immunol. 3, 1200-1207.
<https://doi.org/10.1038/ni849>
7. Cooper, E. L. (1976) Comparative Immunology. PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
8. , K. E. (1970) Cellular aspects on phylogeny of immunity. Lymphology 1, 50-59.
9. Good, R. A., Finstad, J., Litman, G. W. (1972) Immunology. In: The Biology of Lampreys, eds. Hardisty, M. W., Potter, I. C., pp. 405, Academic Press, London.
10. , R. N., Miracle, A. L., Rast, J. P., Litman, G. W. (2000) Members of the Ikaros gene family are present in early representative vertebrates. J. Immunol. 165, 306-312.
<https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.306>
11. , D. M., Poupon, A., Mornon, J.-P. (1999) The immunoglobulin fold family: sequence analysis and 3D structure comparisons. Prot. Eng. 12, 563-571.
<https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/12.7.563>
12. , K., Melek, M., Gellert, M. (1998) DNA transposition by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins: a possible source of oncogenic translocations. Cell 94, 463-470.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81587-1>
13. , A. L. (1999) Genomic catastrophism and the origin of vertebrate immunity. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 47, 347-353.
14. , M., Suzuki, T., Pasquier, L. D. (2004) On the origins of the adaptive immune system: novel insights from invertebrates and cold-blooded vertebrates. Trends Immunol. 25, 105-111.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2003.11.005>
15. Klein, J. (1988) The evolution, ontogeny, and physiologic function of lymphocytes. In: The Pharmacology of Lymphocytes, eds. Bray, M. A., Morley, J., pp. 11-36, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
16. , J. (1989) Are vertebrates capable of anticipatory immune responses? Scand. J. Immunol. 29, 499-505.
<https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01152.x>
17. , J. (1997) Homology between immune response in vertebrates and invertebrates: Does it exist? Scand. J. Immunol. 46, 558-564.
<https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-164.x>
18. Klein, J., Hořejší, V. (1997) Immunology. Blackwell Science, London.
19. , J., O'hUigin, C. (1993) Composite origin of major histocompatibility complex genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3, 923-930.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-437X(93)90015-H>
20. Klein, J., Sato, A., Mayer, W. E. (2000) Jaws and AIS. In: Major Histocompatibility Complex: Evolution, Structure, and Function, ed. Kasahara, M., pp. 3-26, Springer-Verlag, Tokyo.
21. , N. R. (2000) Thymus organogenesis and molecular mechanisms of thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Semin. Immunol. 12, 421-428.
<https://doi.org/10.1006/smim.2000.0263>
22. , W. E., Klein, J. (2001) Is tapasin a modified Mhc class I molecule? Immunogenetics 53, 719-723.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-001-0403-y>
23. , W. E., Uinuk-Ool, T., Tichy, H., Gartland, L. A., Klein, J., Cooper, M. D. (2002a) Isolation and characterization of lymphocyte-like cells from a lamprey. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14350-14355.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212527499>
24. , W. E., O'hUigin, C., Tichy, H., Terzic, J., Saraga-Babic, M. (2002b) Identification of two Ikaros-like transcription factors in lamprey. Scand. J. Immunol. 55, 162-170.
<https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01026.x>
25. , T., Suzuki, T., Ohta, Y., Flajnik, M. F., Kasahara, M. (2002) The leukocyte common antigen (CD45) of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii: implications for the primordial function of CD45. Immunogenetics 54, 286-291.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-002-0469-1>
26. Ratcliffe, N. A., Rowley, A. F. (1981) Invertebrate Blood Cells. Academic Press, London.
27. , A., Uinuk-Ool, T., Kuroda, N., Mayer, W. E., Takezaki, N., Dongak, R., Figueroa, F., Cooper, M. D., Klein, J. (2003) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of jawed and jawless fishes: implications for its evolutionary origin. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27, 401-412.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-305X(02)00136-2>
28. , S., Terzic, J., Sato, A., Saraga-Babic, M., O'hUigin, C., Tichy, H., Klein, J. (2000) Do lampreys have lymphocytes? The Spi evidence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7417-7422.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.110505597>
29. , N., Zaleska-Rutczynska, Z., Figueroa, F. (2002) Sequencing of amphioxus PSMB5/8 gene and phylogenetic position of agnathan sequences. Gene 282, 179-187.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00834-4>
30. , N., Figueroa, F., Zaleska-Rutczynska, Z., Klein, J. (2003) Molecular phylogeny of early vertebrates: monophyly of the agnathans as revealed by sequences of 35 genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20, 287-292.
<https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msg040>
31. , T., Mayer, W. E., Sato, A., Dongak, R., Cooper, M. D., Klein, J. (2002) Lamprey lymphocyte-like cells express homologs of genes involved in immunologically relevant activities of mammalian lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14356-14361.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212527699>
32. , T., Mayer, W. E., Sato, A., Takezaki, N., Benyon, L., Cooper, M. D., Klein, J. (2003) Identification and characterization of a TAP-family gene in the lamprey. Immunogenetics 55, 38-48.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0548-y>
