Fol. Biol. 2011, 57, 151-161
https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2011057040151
Methods for Detection of Circulating Tumour Cells and Their Clinical Value in Cancer Patients
References
1. , B., Tewes, M., Fehm, T., Hauch, S., Kimmig, R., Kasimir-Bauer, S. (2009) Stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers are frequently overexpressed in circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. 11, R46.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2333>
2. , M., Wicha, M. S., Benito-Hernandez, A., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F. (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 3983-3988.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0530291100>
3. , C., Vendrell, J. P., Slijper, M., Pelle, O., Barbotte, E., Mercier, G., Jacot, W., Fabbro, M., Pantel, K. (2009) Full-length cytokeratin-19 is released by human tumor cells: a potential role in metastatic progression of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 11, R39.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2326>
4. , M. K., Mikhitarian, K., Osta, W., Callahan, K., Hoda, R., Brescia, F., Kneuper-Hall, R., Mitas, M., Cole, D. J., Gillanders, W. E. (2003) Molecular detection of breast cancer cells in the peripheral blood of advanced-stage breast cancer patients using multimarker real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a novel porous barrier density gradient centrifugation technology. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 4865-4871.
5. , K. D., Torre-Bueno, J., Diel, I. J., Hawes, D., Decker, W. J., Priddy, C., Bossy, B., Ludmann, S., Yamamoto, K., Masih, A. S., Espinoza, F. P., Harrington, D. S. (2000) Reliable and sensitive analysis of occult bone marrow metastases using automated cellular imaging. Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 3552-3559.
6. , E., Sandri, M. T., Bagnardi, V., Munzone, E., Zorzino, L., Rotmensz, N., Casadio, C., Cassatella, M. C., Esposito, A., Curigliano, G., Salvatici, M., Verri, E., Adamoli, L., Goldhirsch, A., Nole, F. (2009) Modeling the relationship between circulating tumour cells number and prognosis of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 122, 211-217.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-009-0668-7>
7. , S., Hepp, F., Sommer, H. L., Pantel, K. (1999) Tumorantigen heterogeneity of disseminated breast cancer cells: implications for immunotherapy of minimal residual disease. Int. J. Cancer 84, 1-5.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990219)84:1<1::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-A>
8. , S., Pantel, K., Muller, P., Janni, W., Hepp, F., Kentenich, C. R., Gastroph, S., Wischnik, A., Dimpfl, T., Kindermann, G., Riethmuller, G., Schlimok, G. (2000) Cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow and survival of patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 525-533.
<https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200002243420801>
9. , S. E., Sener, S. F., Wilkens, W., Goldschmidt, R., Merkel, D., Winchester, D. J. (1997) Prognostic significance of occult lymph node metastases in node-negative breast cancer. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 4, 447-451.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02303667>
10. , T., Muller, V., Alix-Panabieres, C., Pantel, K. (2008) Micrometastatic spread in breast cancer: detection, molecular characterization and clinical relevance. Breast Cancer Res. 10 (Suppl 1), S1.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1869>
11. , T., Hoffmann, O., Aktas, B., Becker, S., Solomayer, E. F., Wallwiener, D., Kimmig, R., Kasimir-Bauer, S. (2009) Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells in blood of primary breast cancer patients by RT-PCR and comparison to status of bone marrow disseminated cells. Breast Cancer Res. 11, R59.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2349>
12. , E. I., Kim, J. W., Zharov, V. P. (2009a) Nanotechnology-based molecular photoacoustic and photothermal flow cytometry platform for in-vivo detection and killing of circulating cancer stem cells. J. Biophotonics 2, 725-735.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.200910078>
13. , E. I., Kokoska, M. S., Shashkov, E. V., Kim, J. W., Tuchin, V. V., Zharov, V. P. (2009b) In vivo fiber-based multicolor photoacoustic detection and photothermal purging of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes targeted by nanoparticles. J. Biophotonics 2, 528-539.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.200910046>
14. , P. K., Lip, G. Y., Boos, C. J., Stonelake, P. S., Blann, A. D. (2006) Circulating endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and endothelial microparticles in cancer. Neoplasia 8, 79-88.
<https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.05592>
15. , P. K., Lip, G. Y., Stonelake, P. S., Blann, A. D. (2009) Circulating endothelial cells and circulating progenitor cells in breast cancer: relationship to endothelial damage/dysfunction/apoptosis, clinicopathologic factors, and the Nottingham Prognostic Index. Neoplasia 11, 771-779.
<https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.09490>
16. , D. F., Walker, T. M., Singh, B., Vitetta, E. S., Uhr, J. W., Gross, S., Rao, C., Doyle, G. V., Terstappen, L. W. (2002) Monitoring expression of HER-2 on circulating epithelial cells in patients with advanced breast cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 21, 1111-1117.
17. , T., Buchner, A., Hofstetter, A., Stief, C. G., Oberneder, R., Riesenberg, R. (2007) Prognostic relevance of disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow of patients with transitional cell carcinoma. Eur. J. Cancer 43, 2678-2684.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2007.09.007>
18. , S. K., Sutherland, R., Gravelin, L., Hu, G. H., Ferland, L. H., Richardson, P., Elias, A., Chen, L. B. (2000) Detection and analysis of cancer cells in blood and bone marrow using a rare event imaging system. Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 434-442.
19. , S. K., Ladanyi, A., Galiger, K., Herlitz, A., Sher, A. C., Bergsrud, D. E., Even, G., Brunelle, S., Harris, L., Salgia, R., Dahl, T., Kesterson, J., Chen, L. B. (2004) Reliable and sensitive identification of occult tumor cells using the improved rare event imaging system. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 3020-3028.
<https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0361>
20. , D. N., Kusminsky, R., Manna, E., Ambaye, A., Weaver, D. L., Harlow, S. P., Covelli, M., Stanley, M. A., McCahill, L., Ittleman, F., Leavitt, B., Krag, M. (2005) The detection of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow comparing brightfield immunocytochemistry and multicolor immunofluorescence. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 12, 753-760.
<https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2005.12.004>
21. , K., Fröhlich, F., Rengsberger, M., Schubert, R., Dengler, R., Pachmann, U., Pachmann, K. (2007) Quantification of circulating tumour cells for the monitoring of adjuvant therapy in breast cancer: An increase in cell number at completion of therapy is a predictor of early relapse. The Breast 16, 211-218.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2006.12.005>
22. , J. L., Gogas, H., Bliss, J. M., Gazet, J. C., Berger, U., Coombes, R. C. (1999) Outcome of primary-breast-cancer patients with micrometastases: a long-term follow-up study. Lancet 354, 197-202.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10175-7>
23. , M. C., Doyle, G. V., Terstappen, L. W. (2010) Significance of circulating tumor cells detected by the CellSearch system in patients with metastatic breast colorectal and prostate cancer. J. Oncol. 2010, ID 617421.
24. , S., Muller, W., Weichel, W., Radbruch, A. (1990) High gradient magnetic cell separation with MACS. Cytometry 11, 231-238.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990110203>
25. , M., Mikhitarian, K., Walters, C., Baron, P. L., Elliott, B. M., Brothers, T. E., Robison, J. G., Metcalf, J. S., Palesch, Y. Y., Zhang, Z., Gillanders, W. E., Cole, D. J. (2001) Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection of breast cancer micrometastasis using a multigene marker panel. Int. J. Cancer 93, 162-171.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.1312>
26. , K., Camara, O., Kavallaris, A., Schneider, U., Schunemann, S., Hoffken, K. (2005a) Quantification of the response of circulating epithelial cells to neodadjuvant treatment for breast cancer: a new tool for therapy monitoring. Breast Cancer Res. 7, R975-R979.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1328>
27. , K., Heiss, P., Demel, U., Tilz, G. (2005b) Detection and quantification of small numbers of circulating tumour cells in peripheral blood using laser scanning cytometer (LSC). Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 39, 811-817.
28. , K., Muller, V., Auer, M., Nusser, N., Harbeck, N., Braun, S. (2003) Detection and clinical implications of early systemic tumor cell dissemination in breast cancer. Clin. Cancer. Res. 9, 6326-6334.
29. , P., Benali, N. L. (2007) Circulating tumor cells (CTC) detection: clinical impact and future directions. Cancer Lett. 253, 180-204.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.014>
30. , J. Y., Bonneton, C., Vincent-Salomon, A., de Cremoux, P., Nos, C., Blin, N., Pouillart, P., Thiery, J. P., Magdelenat, H. (2004a) Clinical significance of immunocytochemical detection of tumor cells using digital microscopy in peripheral blood and bone marrow of breast cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 1392-1400.
<https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-0102-03>
31. , J. Y., Deneux, L., Bonneton, C., Vincent-Salomon, A., Nos, C., Anract, P., Magdelenat, H., Pouillart, P., Thiery, J. P. (2004b) Prognostic value of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and cytokeratin-positive cells in bone marrow samples of breast cancer patients. Int. J. Biol. Markers 19, 23-31.
32. , P., Salvadori, B., Simi, L., Bianchi, S., Distante, V., Cataliotti, L., Pazzagli, M., Orlando, C. (2006) Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer: correlation with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results and feasibility of molecular analysis by laser microdissection. Hum. Pathol. 37, 711-718.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2006.01.026>
33. , B. K., Schindlbeck, C., Schneeweiss, A., Hilfrich, J., Lorenz, R., Beckmann, M. W., Pantel, K., Lichtenegger, W., Sommer, H. L., Janni, W. J. (2008) Prognostic relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 851-858.
<https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.503>
34. , C. G., Chianese, D., Doyle, G. V., Miller, M. C., Russell, T., Sanders, R. A, Jr., Terstappen, L. W. (2005) Expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in carcinoma cells present in blood and primary and metastatic tumors. Int. J. Oncol. 27, 49-57.
35. , S., Wikman, H., Pantel, K. (2008) Review: Biological relevance of disseminated tumor cells in cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer 123, 1991-2006.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23825>
36. , R., Gertler, R., Friederichs, J., Fuehrer, K., Dahm, M., Phelps, R., Thorban, S., Nekarda, H., Siewert, J. R. (2002) Comparison of two density gradient centrifugation systems for the enrichment of disseminated tumor cells in blood. Cytometry 49, 150-158.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.10161>
37. , M. T., Zorzino, L., Cassatella, M. C., Bassi, F., Luini, A., Casadio, C., Botteri, E., Rotmensz, N., Adamoli, L., Nole, F. (2010) Changes in circulating tumor cell detection in patients with localized breast cancer before and after surgery. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 17, 1539-1545.
<https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-010-0918-2>
38. , M., Foekens, J. A. (2009) Circulating tumor cells in blood of primary breast cancer patients assessed by a novel RT-PCR test kit and comparison with status of bone marrow-disseminated tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res. 11, 109.
<https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2405>
39. , A., Vlachonikolis, I., Mavroudis, D., Perraki, M., Kouroussis, C., Apostolaki, S., Malamos, N., Kakolyris, S., Kotsakis, A., Xenidis, N., Reppa, D., Georgoulias, V. (2002) Molecular detection of cytokeratin-19-positive cells in the peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer: evaluation of their prognostic significance. J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 3404-3412.
<https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.08.135>
40. , A., Gizi, A., Perraki, M., Apostolaki, S., Malamos, N., Mavroudis, D., Georgoulias, V., Lianidou. E. S. (2003) Real-time quantification of CK-19 mRNA-positive cells in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients using the lightcycler system. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 5145-5151.
41. , A., Ntoulia, M., Perraki, M., Apostolaki, S., Mavroudis, D., Malamos, N., Georgoulias, V., Lianidou, E. S. (2006) A highly specific real-time RT-PCR method for the quantitative determination of CK-19 mRNA positive cells in peripheral blood of patients with operable breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer 119, 1654-1659.
<https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22017>
42. , A. H., Powell, A. A., Huber, D. E., Berbee, J. G., Roh, K. H., Yu, W., Xiao, W., Davis, M. M., Pease, R. F., Mindrinos, M. N., Jeffrey, S. S., Davis, R. W. (2009) Isolating highly enriched populations of circulating epithelial cells and other rare cells from blood using a magnetic sweeper device. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3970-3975.
<https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813188106>
43. , M., Aktas, B., Welt, A., Mueller, S., Hauch, S., Kimmig, R., Kasimir-Bauer, S. (2009) Molecular profiling and predictive value of circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer: an option for monitoring response to breast cancer related therapies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 115, 581-590.
<https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-008-0143-x>
44. , G., Sabile, A., Louha, M., Sitruk, V., Romana, S., Schutze, K., Capron, F., Franco, D., Pazzagli, M., Vekemans, M., Lacour, B., Brechot, C., Paterlini-Brechot, P. (2000) Isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells: a new method for the immunomorphological and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells. Am. J. Pathol. 156, 57-63.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64706-2>
45. , T. E., Bossy, B., Kimlinger, T., Roche, P. C., Ingle, J. N., Grant, C., Donohue, J., Suman, V. J., Harrington, D., Torre-Bueno, J., Bauer, K. D. (2002) Detection of circulating cytokeratin-positive cells in the blood of breast cancer patients using immunomagnetic enrichment and digital microscopy. Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 1085-1091.
46. , U., Breit, E., Zafrakas, K., Otte, M., Schubert, F., Muller, V., Izbicki, J. R., Loning, T., Pantel, K. (2005) Bispecific immunomagnetic enrichment of micrometastatic tumour cell clusters from bone marrow of cancer patients. J. Immunol. Methods 300, 136-145.
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2005.03.006>
47. , N., Ignatiadis, M., Apostolaki, S., Perraki, M., Kalbakis, K., Agelaki, S., Stathopoulos, E. N., Chlouverakis, G., Lianidou, E., Kakolyris, S., Georgoulias, V., Mavroudis, D. (2009) Cytokeratin-19 mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 2177-2184.
<https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.18.0497>
48. , V. P., Galanzha, E. I., Shashkov, E. V., Kim, J. W., Khlebtsov, N. G., Tuchin, V. V. (2007) Photoacoustic flow cytometry: principle and application for real-time detection of circulating single nanoparticles, pathogens, and contrast dyes in vivo. J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 051503.
<https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2793746>
