Fol. Biol. 2014, 60, 68-73

https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2014060020068

Expression Levels of Elastin and Related Genes in Human Varicose Veins

U. Görmüş1, Ö. Ti̇mi̇rci̇-Kahraman2, A. Ergen2, A. T. Kunt3, S. İsbi̇r4, A. B. Dalan5, Turgay İsbi̇r6

1Istanbul Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
2Istanbul University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
3Izmit Seka State Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kocaeli, Turkey
4Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
5Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
6Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey

Received May 2013
Accepted December 2013

References

1. Allan, J. A., Docherty, A. J., Barker, P. J., Huskisson, N. S., Reynolds, J. J., Murphy, G. (1995) Binding of gelatinases A and B to type-I collagen and other matrix components. Biochem. J. 1, 299-306. <https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3090299>
2. American Diabetes Association (2004) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 27, 5-10. <https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.2007.S5>
3. Badier-Commander, C., Verbeuren, T., Lebard, C., Michel, J. B., Jacob, M. P. (2000) Increased TIMP/MMP ratio in varicose veins: a possible explanation for extracellular matrix accumulation. J. Pathol. 192, 105-112. <https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH670>3.0.CO;2-1>
4. Burkitt, D. P., Townsend, A. J., Patel, K., Skaug, K. (1976) Varicose veins in developing countries. Lancet 2, 202-203. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(76)92377-1>
5. Chang, J. W., Maeng, Y. H., Kim, S. W. (2011) Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -13 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 in varicose veins. Korean J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 44, 387-391. <https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2011.44.6.387>
6. Choi, J., Bergdahl, A., Zheng, Q., Starcher, B., Yanagisawa, H., Davis, E. C. (2009) Analysis of dermal elastic fibers in the absence of fibulin-5 reveals potential roles for fibulin-5 in elastic fiber assembly. Matrix Biol. 28, 211-220. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2009.03.004>
7. De Vega, S., Iwamoto, T., Yamada Y. (2009) Fibulins: multiple roles in matrix structures and tissue functions. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66, 1890-1902. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-8632-6>
8. Fischer, S., Schatz, U., Julius, U. (2013) Current standards in diagnosis and therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia. Atheroscler. Suppl. 14, 15-18. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.035>
9. Ishikawa, Y., Asuwa, N., Ishii, T., Ito, K., Akasaka, Y., Masuda, T., Zhang, L., Kiguchi, H. (2000) Collagen alteration in vascular remodeling by hemodynamic factors. Virchows Arch. 437, 138-148 <https://doi.org/10.1007/s004280000200>
10. Jacob, M. P., Cazaubon, M., Scemama, A., Prié, D., Blanchet, F., Guillin, M. C., Michel, J. B. (2002) Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 as a marker of blood stasis in varicose veins. Circulation 106, 535-538. <https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027521.83518.4C>
11. Kagan, H. M., Li, W. (2003) Lysyl oxidase: properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell. J. Cell. Biochem. 88, 660-672. <https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10413>
12. Katsuda, S., Kaji, T. (2003) Atherosclerosis and extracellular matrix. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 10, 267-274. <https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.10.267>
13. Kowalewski, R., Sobolewski, K., Wolanska, M., Gacko, M. (2004) Matrix metalloproteinases in the vein wall. Int. Angiol. 23, 164-169.
14. Lee, A. J., Evans, C. J., Allan, P. L., Ruckley, C. V., Fowkes, F. G. (2003) Lifestyle factors and the risk of varicose veins: Edinburgh Vein Study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 56, 171-179. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00518-8>
15. Lim, C. S., Shalhoub, J., Gohel, M. S., Shepherd, A. C., Davies, A. H. (2010) Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular disease – a potential therapeutic target? Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 8, 75-85. <https://doi.org/10.2174/157016110790226697>
16. Liu, X., Zhao, Y., Gao, J., Pawlyk, B., Starcher, B., Spencer, J. A., Yanagisawa, H., Zuo, J., Li, T. (2004) Elastic fiber homeostasis requires lysyl oxidase-like 1 protein. Nat. Genet. 36, 178-182. <https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1297>
17. Liu, X., Zhao, Y., Pawlyk, B., Damaser, M., Li, T. (2006) Failure of elastic fiber homeostasis leads to pelvic floor disorders. Am. J. Pathol. 168, 519-528. <https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2006.050399>
18. Livak, K. J., Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆CT Method. Methods 25, 402-408. <https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262>
19. Lowell, R. C., Gloviczki, F., Miller, V. M. (1992) In vitro evaluation of endothelial and smooth muscle function of primary varicose veins. J. Vasc. Surg. 16, 679-686. <https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(92)90221-S>
20. Naoum, J. J., Hunter, G. C., Woodside, K. J., Chen, C. (2007) Current advances in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. J. Surg. Res. 141, 311-316. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.08.007>
21. Parra, J. R., Cambria, R. A., Hower, C. D., Dassow, M. S., Freischlag, J. A., Seabrook, G. R., Towne, J. B. (1998) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 is increased in the saphenofemoral junction of patients with varices in the leg. J. Vasc. Surg. 28, 669-675. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70093-X>
22. Pascarella, L., Schmid Schönbein, G. W. (2005) Causes of telengiectasias, reticular veins, and varicose veins. Semin. Vasc. Surg. 18, 2-4. <https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2004.12.004>
23. Pascual, G., Mendieta, C., Mecham, R. P., Sommer, P., Bellón, J. M., Buján, J. (2008) Down-regulation of lysyl oxydase- like in aging and venous insufficiency. Histol. Histopathol. 23, 179-186.
24. Raffetto, J. D., Khalil, R. A. (2008) Matrix metalloproteinases in venous tissue remodeling and varicose vein formation. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 6, 158-172. <https://doi.org/10.2174/157016108784911957>
25. Sansilvestri-Morel, P., Nonotte, I., Fournet-Bourguignon, M. P., Rupin, A., Fabiani, J. N., Verbeuren, T. J., Vanhoutte, P. M. (1998) Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins by cultured smooth muscle cells from human varicose veins. J. Vasc. Res. 35, 115-123. <https://doi.org/10.1159/000025573>
26. Somers, P., Knaapen, M. (2006) The histopathology of varicose vein disease. Angiology 57, 546-555. <https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319706293115>
27. Venturi, M., Bonavina, L., Annoni, F., Colombo, L., Butera, C., Peracchia, A., Mussini, E. (1996) Biochemical assay of collagen and elastin in the normal and varicose vein wall. J. Surg. Res. 60, 245-248. <https://doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1996.0038>
28. Wagenseil, J. E., Mecham, R. P. (2007) New insights into elastic fiber assembly. Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today 81, 229-240. <https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20111>
29. Yanagisawa, H., Davis, E. C., Starcher, B. C., Ouchi, T., Yanagisawa, M., Richardson, J. A., Olson, E. N. (2002) Fibulin-5 is an elastin-binding protein essential for elastic fibre development in vivo. Nature 415, 168-171. <https://doi.org/10.1038/415168a>
30. Yanagisawa, H., Davis, E. C. (2010) Unraveling the mechanism of elastic fiber assembly: the roles of short fibulins. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 42, 1084-1093. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.009>
front cover

ISSN 0015-5500 (Print) ISSN 2533-7602 (Online)

Open access journal

Submissions

Archive