Fol. Biol. 2018, 64, 113-124

https://doi.org/10.14712/fb2018064040113

Cell Membrane-Derived Microvesicles in Systemic Inflammatory Response

M. Šibíková1, Jan Živný2, Jan Janota2,3

1Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
2Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
3Department of Neonatology, Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

Received September 2018
Accepted September 2018

Human body reacts to physical, chemical and biological insults with a complex inflammatory reaction. Crucial components and executors of this response are endothelial cells, platelets, white blood cells, plasmatic coagulation system, and complement. Endothelial injury and inflammation are associated with elevated blood levels of cell membrane-derived microvesicles. Increased concentrations of microvesicles were found in several inflammatory reactions and diseases including acute coronary syndromes, stroke, vasculitis, venous thromboembolism, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, viral myocarditis, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, polytrauma, and burns. Microvesicles can modulate a variety of cellular processes, thereby having an impact on pathogenesis of diseases associated with inflammation. Microvesicles are important mediators and potential biomarkers of systemic inflammation. Measurement of inflammatory cell-derived microvesicles may be utilized in diagnostic algorithms and used for detection and determination of severity in diseases associated with inflammatory responses, as well as for prediction of their outcome. This review focuses on the mechanisms of release of microvesicles in diseases associated with systemic inflammation and their potential role in the regulation of cellular and humoral interactions.

Funding

This work is supported by a grant from the Czech Health Research Council Agency (AZV CR), Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant number 16-27800A.

References

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